This extends to the right transverse foramen (subsequent CTA did not demonstrate a vascular injury). Acute fracture of C2 as described which appears unstable involving the base of the dens, body and bilateral lateral masses.No evidence of acute facet joint widening or subluxation, although note that disruption of the joints can be difficult to completely exclude on CT. This is an avulsion injury to the tip of the odontoid and usually is stable however it is occasionally associated with gross instability due to traction forces applied to, and subsequent injury of, the apical and/or alar ligaments. Multilevel degenerative changes of the cervical spine elsewhere (more prominent at C5/C6 and atlantodental articulation) with no further acute fracture identified. A type I fracture (less than 5 of cases) is an oblique fracture through the upper part of the odontoid process. Type III: A fracture occurring in the body of the axis underlying the dens. Minimally displaced fracture of right C7 transverse process. Type I: A fracture of the upper part of the process (the tip.) Type II: A Fracture at the base of the dens. Acute fracture through the right C6 transverse process anteriorly. It appears corticated without an obvious donor site. Linear sclerotic line through C1 left transverse process tip is of uncertain chronicity.ħ mm linear bony focus lateral to C6 is of uncertain chronicity. The Anderson D’Alonzo classification of acute odontoid fractures, which dates from 1974, describes three subtypes (Type I, II, III) based on the morphology of the fracture. However, the mechanism most likely includes a combination of flexion, extension, and rotation. No obvious epidural thickening demonstrated on CT. The precise mechanism of odontoid fractures is unknown. Mild prominence of prevertebral soft tissues at this level and measures up to 5 mm AP, which remains within normal limits. Type II: fracture through the base of the dens, at the junction of the odontoid base and the body of C2. C2 left lateral mass lateral cortex sits 3 mm lateral to C1 lateral mass. Fracture line separation with cortical steps of up to 3 mm (anterior displacement of the dens with respect to C2 body). Acute oblique fracture through the base of C2 dens extending to the body and bilateral lateral masses as well as the right transverse foramen.
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